Flash cards
Review the key moves
What is the main idea behind HTML Semantic Elements?
Lesson checks
Practice each idea before moving on
Short Mimo-style checks built from this lesson's code, terms, and sequence.
Which statement best captures the main point of this lesson?
Complete the missing token from the example code.
<h1>___</h1>Put the learning moves in the order that makes the concept easiest to apply.
Semantic elements = elements with a meaning.
What are Semantic Elements?
A semantic element clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer.
Examples of non-semantic elements: <div> and <span> - Tells nothing about its content.
Examples of semantic elements: <img> , <table> , and <article> - Clearly defines its content.
Semantic Elements in HTML
Many web sites contain HTML code like: <div id="nav"> <div class="header"> <div id="footer"> to indicate navigation, header, and footer.
In HTML there are several semantic elements that can be used to define different parts of a web page:
- <article>
- <aside>
- <details>
- <figcaption>
- <figure>
- <footer>
- <header>
- <main>
- <mark>
- <nav>
- <section>
- <summary>
- <time>
HTML <section> Element
The <section> element defines a section in a document.
According to W3C's HTML documentation: "A section is a thematic grouping of content, typically with a heading."
Examples of where a <section> element can be used:
- Chapters
- Introduction
- News items
- Contact information
A web page could normally be split into sections for introduction, content, and contact information.
Example
<section>
<h1>WWF</h1>
<p>The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an
international organization working on issues regarding the conservation,
research and restoration of the environment, formerly named the World
Wildlife Fund. WWF was founded in 1961.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h1>WWF's Panda symbol</h1>
<p>The Panda has become the symbol of WWF.
The well-known panda logo of WWF originated from a panda named Chi Chi that
was transferred from the Beijing Zoo to the London Zoo in the same year of
the establishment of WWF.</p>
</section>Live preview
HTML <article> Element
The <article> element specifies independent, self-contained content.
An article should make sense on its own, and it should be possible to distribute it independently from the rest of the web site.
Examples of where the <article> element can be used:
- Forum posts
- Blog posts
- User comments
- Product cards
- Newspaper articles
Example
<article>
<h2>Google Chrome</h2>
<p>Google Chrome is a web browser
developed by Google, released in 2008. Chrome is the world's most popular
web browser today!</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Mozilla
Firefox</h2>
<p>Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser developed
by Mozilla. Firefox has been the second most popular web browser since
January, 2018.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Microsoft Edge</h2>
<p>Microsoft Edge is a web browser developed by Microsoft, released in 2015.
Microsoft Edge replaced Internet Explorer.</p>
</article>Live preview
Example 2
<html>
<head>
<style>
.all-browsers {
margin: 0;
padding: 5px;
background-color: lightgray;
}
.all-browsers
> h1, .browser {
margin: 10px;
padding: 5px;
}
.browser {
background: white;
}
.browser > h2,
p {
margin: 4px;
font-size: 90%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<article class="all-browsers">
<h1>Most
Popular Browsers</h1>
<article class="browser">
<h2>Google Chrome</h2>
<p>Google Chrome is a web browser
developed by Google, released in 2008. Chrome is the world's most popular web
browser today!</p>
</article>
<article class="browser">
<h2>Mozilla Firefox</h2>
<p>Mozilla Firefox is an
open-source web browser developed by Mozilla. Firefox has been the second most
popular web browser since January, 2018.</p>
</article>
<article class="browser">
<h2>Microsoft Edge</h2>
<p>Microsoft Edge is a web browser developed by Microsoft, released in 2015.
Microsoft Edge replaced Internet Explorer.</p>
</article>
</article>
</body>
</html>Live preview
Nesting <article> in <section> or Vice Versa?
The <article> element specifies independent, self-contained content.
The <section> element defines a section in a document.
Can we use the definitions to decide how to nest those elements? No, we cannot!
So, you will find HTML pages with <section> elements containing <article> elements, and <article> elements containing <section> elements.
HTML <header> Element
The <header> element represents a container for introductory content or a set of navigational links.
A <header> element typically contains:
- one or more heading elements (<h1> - <h6>)
- logo or icon
- authorship information
Note
You can have several <header> elements in one HTML document. However, <header> cannot be placed within a <footer> , <address> or another <header> element.
Example
<article>
<header>
<h1>What Does WWF Do?</h1>
<p>WWF's mission:</p>
</header>
<p>WWF's mission is to stop the degradation of our planet's natural environment,
and build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature.</p>
</article>Live preview
HTML <footer> Element
The <footer> element defines a footer for a document or section.
A <footer> element typically contains:
- authorship information
- copyright information
- contact information
- sitemap
- back to top links
- related documents
You can have several <footer> elements in one document.
Example
<footer>
<p>Author: Hege Refsnes</p>
<p><a href="mailto:hege@example.com">hege@example.com</a></p>
</footer>Live preview
HTML <nav> Element
The <nav> element defines a set of navigation links.
Notice that NOT all links of a document should be inside a <nav> element. The <nav> element is intended only for major blocks of navigation links.
Browsers, such as screen readers for disabled users, can use this element to determine whether to omit the initial rendering of this content.
Example
<nav>
<a href="/html/">HTML</a> |
<a href="/css/">CSS</a> |
<a href="/js/">JavaScript</a> |
<a href="/jquery/">jQuery</a>
</nav>Live preview
HTML <aside> Element
The <aside> element defines some content aside from the content it is placed in (like a sidebar).
The <aside> content should be indirectly related to the surrounding content.
Example
<p>My family and I visited The Epcot center this summer. The weather was
nice, and Epcot was amazing! I had a great summer together with my
family!</p>
<aside>
<h4>Epcot Center</h4>
<p>Epcot is a theme
park at Walt Disney World Resort featuring exciting attractions,
international pavilions, award-winning fireworks and seasonal special
events.</p>
</aside>Live preview
Example 2
<html>
<head>
<style>
aside {
width: 30%;
padding-left: 15px;
margin-left: 15px;
float: right;
font-style: italic;
background-color: lightgray;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>My family and I visited The Epcot
center this summer. The weather was nice, and Epcot was amazing! I had a great
summer together with my family!</p>
<aside>
<p>The Epcot center is a
theme park at Walt Disney World Resort featuring exciting attractions,
international pavilions, award-winning fireworks and seasonal special
events.</p>
</aside>
<p>My family and I visited The Epcot center
this summer. The weather was nice, and Epcot was amazing! I had a great summer
together with my family!</p>
<p>My family and I visited The Epcot center
this summer. The weather was nice, and Epcot was amazing! I had a great summer
together with my family!</p>
</body>
</html>Live preview
HTML <figure> and <figcaption> Elements
The <figure> tag specifies self-contained content, like illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc.
The <figcaption> tag defines a caption for a <figure> element. The <figcaption> element can be placed as the first or as the last child of a <figure> element.
The <img> element defines the actual image/illustration.
Example
<figure>
<img src="pic_trulli.jpg" alt="Trulli">
<figcaption>Fig1. - Trulli, Puglia, Italy.</figcaption>
</figure>Live preview
Why Semantic Elements?
According to the W3C: "A semantic Web allows data to be shared and reused across applications, enterprises, and communities."
Semantic Elements in HTML
Below is a list of some of the semantic elements in HTML.
| Tag | Description |
|---|---|
| <article> | Defines independent, self-contained content |
| <aside> | Defines content aside from the page content |
| <details> | Defines additional details that the user can view or hide |
| <figcaption> | Defines a caption for a <figure> element |
| <figure> | Specifies self-contained content, like illustrations, diagrams, photos, code listings, etc. |
| <footer> | Defines a footer for a document or section |
| <header> | Specifies a header for a document or section |
| <main> | Specifies the main content of a document |
| <mark> | Defines marked/highlighted text |
| <nav> | Defines navigation links |
| <section> | Defines a section in a document |
| <summary> | Defines a visible heading for a <details> element |
| <time> | Defines a date/time |
For a complete list of all available HTML tags, visit our HTML Tag Reference .